How Train-the-Trainer maps to ICAO evidence-based training

Train-the-Trainer is the instructor and examiner craft manual for evidence-based training. It does not replace Doc 9995 or Doc 9868, and it does not invent a private competency science. It turns international methodology into what instructors and examiners must do (brief, facilitate, grade, write reports, manage safety in training). A real airline's approved programme (Operations Manual Part D (OM-D), adapted competency model, quality processes) is a separate layer: that is what makes an authority-approved EBT programme runnable for a specific operator.

#Layer model

Read downward when designing or approving a programme. Read upward when a shop-floor practice needs a standards defence. Doc 9995 describes what EBT is and why. Doc 9868 codifies how it sits in PANS procedures States reference. Train-the-Trainer is where that pair becomes daily instructor work; the approved local programme is where it becomes an authority-facing system for a given operator.

#What Train-the-Trainer covers

Philosophy and learning system. Training Philosophy commits to an evidence-based learning system aligned with strategic objectives: the same commitment as the EBT aim statement (identify, develop, assess competencies against relevant threats and errors using operations and training evidence). Learning theory, applied instruction, and human behaviour chapters supply the adult-learning and cognitive tools EBT facilitation assumes but ICAO manuals do not teach in depth.

Brief and debrief craft. Pre-instructional brief structure (including A-W-A-R-E), post-instructional debrief technique, LOFT/LOS facilitation appendices, and video discipline operationalise Doc 9995's "facilitation primary, instruction complementary" rule. ICAO states the principle and a comparison table; Train-the-Trainer gives question technique, C-A-L, facilitator rating scales, and examiner guidance for modules.

Instructor and examiner competence. Appendix 2 (instructor-examiner competency framework) and Appendix 4 (EBT instructors and examiners handbook) implement the Doc 9995 / Doc 9868 demand that EBT lives or dies on instructor quality: root-cause analysis instead of "repeat the manoeuvre," concordance, report writing, impartiality, and continuous improvement. The nine core competencies and performance-grade word pictures in Appendix 4 are Train-the-Trainer's adapted face of the ICAO framework (including extensions such as knowledge where used).

Devices and risk. Synthetic training device chapters and the risk management model locate EBT FSTD sessions inside safety and device practices (instructor operator station (IOS), unserviceability, stress sources), which ICAO assumes but does not detail for shop-floor delivery.

Organisational system (teaching view). Duties of an Instructor chapters on OM-D, training manuals, facilities, quality processes, and training duty management explain how baseline/enhanced EBT feedback loops and authority-facing compliance run in a real programme. They teach the shape of that system; they are not a substitute for any one airline's approved manuals.

#What stays in ICAO (and must not be reinvented locally)

• Generation tables and baseline topic frequencies (unless compelling data and approval support change)
• Equivalency logic for malfunctions and approaches
• The definition of EVAL / MT / SBT purposes and the train-to-competency balance after assessment
• The requirement for an adapted competency model, instructor standardisation, and training-system performance measurement
• Data-protection and safety management system (SMS) integration principles for EBT data

If a local lesson plan contradicts a matrix frequency or EVAL non-intervention discipline, the plan is wrong until the approved programme is formally amended.

#Mapping table (instructor-facing)

#Instructor use

• Teach and grade to the competency names and word pictures Train-the-Trainer uses while knowing they descend from Doc 9868/9995; converting pilots from other programmes may need a mapping conversation (for example eight- versus nine-competency sets).
• Use Train-the-Trainer for how to brief and facilitate; use Doc 9995 matrices and approved lesson plans for what must appear in the module.
• When challenged with "Show me the requirement," cite the layer that actually binds: national EBT approval and OM-D first, ICAO methodology second as interpretation aid, Train-the-Trainer third as craft guidance.
• Feed the evidence loop: accurate grades, clear reports, and honest feedback on lesson-plan defects are programme-side evidence, not paperwork for its own sake.

#Connections

• Evidence-based training. Methodology Train-the-Trainer teaches against.
• ICAO Doc 9995. Methodology parent.
• ICAO Doc 9868. Procedural parent.
• What counts as evidence in evidence-based training. Evidence layer the training philosophy commits to.
• Core competencies. Adapted competency set (nine, including KNO).
• Instructor competencies. Instructor-examiner framework taught in Train-the-Trainer.
• Facilitation. Primary EBT instructional technique in the appendices.
• VENN grading. Grading method tied to competency assessment.
• Word pictures. Adapted performance-grade cells Train-the-Trainer teaches against ICAO scales.
• Systematic Approach to Training. Design cycle that keeps training needs analysis (TNA) and evidence aligned.
• Competency-based training. Parent paradigm both ICAO docs and Train-the-Trainer share.
• Type operating and training documentation. Fleet and manufacturer manuals OM-D and Train-the-Trainer point at for type-correct procedure and technique.

#Sources

• TTT, Train-the-Trainer. Core train-the-trainer (TTT) craft paired with Doc 9995.
• 1.1 Introduction. CBTA/EBT framing of the manual.
• 1.2 Philosophies of Learning. Evidence-based learning-system obligation.
• A4.1.1 Evidence-Based Training. Handbook orientation to Doc 9995/9868 and competency shift.
• A4.1.2 General Principles. EBT aim statement as taught here.
• A4.1.4 Operators EBT Programs. Regulatory anchor pair and safety case for implementation.
• Doc 9995, Part I Ch 2 (Applicability, aims and benefits). Aims and Doc 9868 relationship.
• Doc 9995, Part I Ch 4. Minimum implementation requirements an operator system must meet.
• Doc 9995, Part I Ch 7 (Conduct of evidence-based training). Conduct standard the craft chapters implement.
• Doc 9868, Part II §1. EBT procedures and pilot framework the adapted model comes from.